These guidelines outline the requirements and procedures for conducting environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops intended for environmental release in Kenya. They provide direction to applicants, expert reviewers, risk assessors, and decision-makers on the data needed for GMO applications, including a structured stepwise approach for identifying potential hazards, assessing adverse environmental effects, and implementing appropriate risk mitigation measures. The guidelines also clarify the evaluation of stacked gene events proposed for commercialization. They apply to both imported and locally developed GM crops intended for cultivation or imported in viable form for food, feed, or processing where accidental environmental release could lead to establishment. However, they exclude non-viable GM products (such as processed derivatives), other GM organisms like microorganisms and animals, and GMOs for confined field trials. The environmental risk assessment is done on a case by case basis.